Diffusion- hurumanu

Diffusion

intro: What is our focus?
our focus is to learn more about the matter of how to properly define it.


Aim:  investigate if particles diffuse faster in hot or cold water


Hypothesis
I think the hot water will defuse first or make the potassium permanganate spread faster because the hot water makes the particles move faster and the cold water will only make the particles slower.


method
Fill up 2 tetri dishes with hot and cold water
Put each of the Petri dishes with potassium permanganate at the same time.

Particle Theory

1. Particles make up everything

2. Particles are always moving

3. Particles are attached to each other

4. Hotter= faster

5. Colder= slower

6. Always space between particles

Results:

 the hot one did end up going purple faster 

Discussion: I think it happened because when particles are in a hotter environment it tends to move faster than when it is in a colder environment.

Separating a mixture using distillation

Separating a mixture using distillation

Aim: to separate a solute from a solvent in a solution using distillation

equipment:
1. coke zero
2. conical flask
3. delivery tube
4. bung
5. element
6. retort stand
7. ice to cool up the gas
8. boiling tube

method:
1. set up the equipment as shown on the diagrams
2. add the conical flask 50 ml of coke zero
3. put the flask on the element and turn on the element.


discussion:
we used a conical flask to hold our solution of coke, then we boiled it using an element with the coke in the flask. and after the coke zero evaporated into a gas we used the delivery tube to transfer the gas to a boiling tube, then we put the beaker that has ice inside, under the boiling tube to cool up the heated gas to a liquid/Condenses. after the coke zero evaporated, the sugar was left behind inside the flask.

Carnivorous Plants, Chemistry

AIM: TO LEARN ABOUT THE NATURE OF PLANTS

Carnivorous Plants

Steps.
Step 1. Grab one leaf from outside and bring it inside.
Step 2. Grab a paper and crayon or a pencil.
Step 3. Put the leaf under the paper.
Step 4. rub the crayon or a pencil on paper and see what happened.

Plants fall into two categories:

1. Evergreen

2. Deciduous

Deciduous

Evergreen

Find three examples of each:

Evergreen: 

1.  Pine tree.

2. Eucalyptus tree.

3.  Kauri tree.

Deciduous;

1.  Oak Tree.

2.   Maple Tree.

3.  Spruce Tree.

LEAVES

Simple                                 Compound   

Choose a leaf and do a leaf rubbing.

Example: 
Plant type: Deciduous / Evergreen

Leaf type: Simple / Compound
Leaf colour: Green
Photo of leaf: 

Plant drawing:

MY LEAF COLLECTION

1.

Plant type: Deciduous

Leaf type: Simple 
Leaf Colour: Light green 

Photo of leaf:

2. 

Plant type: Deciduous 

Leaf type: Simple
Leaf Colour: Green

Photo of leaf:

3.  

Plant type: Deciduous

Leaf type: Simple 
Leaf Colour: Green 

Photo of leaf:

4. 

Plant type: Evergreen  

Leaf type: Simple
Leaf Colour: Green

Photo of leaf:

5.  

Plant type: Deciduous

Leaf type: Simple 
Leaf Colour: Green

Photo of leaf:

RESEARCH 4 TYPES OF PLANT GROUPS

1. Carnivorous plants
2. Pine trees 
3. Fruit trees
4. NZ Natives

You will need to do the following:

1. Title: NZ Natives
2. Examples: 

• Kauri - Agathis australis, commonly known by its Māori name kauri, is a coniferous tree of Araucariaceae in the genus Agathis, found north of 38°S in the northern districts of New Zealand's North Island.
• Rimu - Dacrydium cupressinum, commonly known as rimu, is a large evergreen coniferous tree endemic to the forests of New Zealand. It is a member of the southern conifer group, the podocarps. The former name "red pine" has fallen out of common use.
• New Zealand Cabbage Tree - Cordyline australis, commonly known as the cabbage tree, cabbage-palm is a widely branched monocot tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows up to 20 metres tall with a stout trunk and sword-like leaves, which are clustered at the tips of the branches and can be up to 1 metre long.
• New Zealand Christmas Tree - Metrosideros excelsa, with common names pōhutukawa, New Zealand pohutukawa, New Zealand Christmas tree, New Zealand Christmas bush, and iron tree, is a coastal evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that produces a brilliant display of red flowers made up of a mass of stamens.

1. Desert / beach / mountains / swamp / plains / forest 

Climate (select one from the list)

1. Hot / warm / cold
2. Rainy / dry / 
3. Windy / still

Conclusion: 

We went outside to grab a leaf, I Grabbed a big green leaf that is compound. We put on the paper under the leaf, then I rub a crayon on the paper. when we finish the leaf rubbing I took a photo of our own leaf paper on the tree which is drawn in the paper.

skittle, chemistry

Skittles

Skittles

Aim: To separate colours from skittles by using the chromatography.

Definition: Chromatography is a method of separating out materials from a mixture.

Eg. blood, ink, drugs,

Materials

1. Petrie dish.
2. Water.

3. Skittle.

Process:

Step 1: Get the Petrie dish.
Step 2: Put All six skittle in the Petrie dish.
Step 3: Spread the skittles out evenly in the edge of the dish.
Step 4: Put some water to the top of the Petrie dish.

Conclusion: 

I learned in chemistry this week to make a rainbow skittle if putting water on because it was my first time doing it.  It was really the colour of the skittles expand and only stayed by not mixing theme. I learned that chromatography is the method of material that are away.

Crystals Chemistry

Aim: To learn about a saturated solution and how to make crystals

Crystal video

Definition of the solution: 

A liquid mixture, when something is dissolved into a liquid (eg: sugar in water) 

Definition of saturated: 

Having or holding as much as can be absorbed of something (when no more sugar or borax can be dissolved into the water)

Conclusion.

we had to make crystals. First, we had brainstormed of 'what are the kitchen equipment' that we can make crystals out of. I had a group which is David, Khush and me we were given each cup. our teacher put our cup with warm water and a teaspoon of sugar, salt and borax then we mix it.

In groups of three, you will make three different types of crystals and compare the results.

Borax Crystals

Borax Crystals time-lapse video 

Ratio; 3 Tablespoons Borax per 1/2 cup water

Materials

1) Pipe Cleaner

2) String

3) Pegs

4) Borax

5) Cup

6) Steering stick

Process

Step 1: Shape pipe cleaners into a star shape.

Step 2: Hang star on a peg.

Step 3: Makeup a borax solution. 

Step 4: Label the cup.

Step 5: Put 3 spoon of borax.

Step 6: Steer it for 5 minutes.

Step 7: Get the star shape pipe cleaner and pg it inside above the water.

Sugar Crystals

Sugar crystals video

Ratio: 1 cup sugar to 1/2 cup water

Materials

1) String 

2) Peg

3) Cup

4) Sugar

5) Pipe cleaner 

6) Steering stick

Process

Step 1: Make up a sugar solution. 

Step 2: Label the cup.

Step 3: Put six spoon of sugar.

Step 4: Steer it for 5 minutes.

Step 7: Get a string and tie it on the stick.

Step 8: Put it on the cup.

Salt Crystals

Salt crystals time-lapse video

Ratio: 4 Tablespoons salt to 1/2 cup water

Materials

1) Pipe cleaner

2) Salt

3) Cup

4) Peg

5) String

6) Steering stick

Process

Step 1: Make up a salt solution. 

Step 2: Label the cup.

Step 3: Put 3 spoon of salt.

Step 4: Steer it for 15 minutes. 

Step 5: Get a String then tie it in the stick.

Step 6: Put on the cup.

Findings

Describe your crystals in the table below.

Crystal Type	Shape (Describe the shape)	Size (of individual crystals)	Hardness (Crumbly to Rock Hard)
Borax	cubic	small	hard medium
Sugar	orthombic	small	hard medium
Salt	cubic	small	hard medium

After watching the videos as a class, explain how the following crystals are formed:

Type	Explanation
Salt	The sea water was set in the sun and it evaporates then the sea water and the salt was separated.
Sugar	The sugar cane is cut into small pieces and crush into juice then remove the tiny bit of wood in the sugar juice then turned into a crystal.
Snowflakes	A little water falling from a sky then the water freeze into a snowflake.

CRYSTAL TYPES

AIM: TO LOOK AT THE 7 DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRYSTALS

Salt Crystals

Sugar Crystals

Borax Crystals

7 different crystal shapes

The 7 types of crystals

Type	Number of sides	2 examples	Image
Triclinic	7	Turquoise Rhodonite
Monoclinic	8	orthoclase mica
Orthombic	6	sulfur topaz
Trigonal	10	albite microcline
Hexagonal	8	quartz calcite
Cubic	6	silver pyrite
Tetragonal	12	zircon rutile